Mediated Argument for Abortion Essay

Our sexual society has changed so much that numerous young and unwed moms have gone to fetus removal as another option. As I have developed from being an adolescent to a youthful grown-up I have experienced various pregnant youngsters who have had no idea about whether to have a premature birth or keep the infant. A large number of them have been youthful and aren’t intellectually, inwardly, or monetarily stable to take on that sort of duty. I chose to examine the matter of premature birth since I don’t think numerous young ladies know a lot about the subject. To begin with, what is fetus removal? A premature birth is a technique, either careful or clinical, to end a pregnancy by expelling the hatchling and placenta from the uterus. (Wellbeing Scout) Many individuals accept that the technique is unethical and harms humankind all in all. Others then again imagine that it ensures women’s rights and that it is prejudicial to prohibit premature birth. I intend to tal k about the current issue by similarly introducing the two sides of the issue and contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of fetus removal. While investigating the subject of fetus removal you should initially come to acknowledge what is becoming within the mother and recognize whether it is viewed as a real existence. The principle question that represents a contention is that whether the baby is viewed as an individual before it is completely evolved while it’s still in the belly. It has been discovered that the sperm treats the eggs with twelve hours and at last becomes what they call the â€Å"zygote† containing all the chromosomes expected to make another â€Å"human life.† (Abortion) Many contend, that since the hatchling is a â€Å"potential person† and has not completely grown at this point, it ought not have the privileges of an individual. They figure since it’s just a bit of tissue that the mother is lodging, that she has the privilege to dispose of it on the off chance that she picks. Others contend that the hatchling is something beyond tissue and that it ought to have indi stinguishable rights from the lady. They feel that the embryo is only a stage during the time spent turning into an individual and that life happens at origination. In the article â€Å"Nine Reasons†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Israel Steinmetz and Planned Parenthood both express their perspectives on a similar point. Arranged Parenthood contends that the lady is something other than her embryo and that she has the privilege to pick. They are stating that giving a baby the privileges of an authentic individual isn't right and that the fetus’ rights don't override those of the lady. The Supreme Court supported this announcement on January 22, 1973 when they gave ladies the option to control their conceptive decisions. (Premature birth) The Supreme Court concluded that just in the third trimester, where the infant is supposed to be â€Å"viable†, does the court need to think about the privileges of the unborn youngster. In simultaneousness with my prior examination, Steinmetz additionally contends that the baby is something other than bit of tissue and a person’s hereditary cosmetics occurs at origination. He accepts that in the principal trimester the infant isn't yet â€Å"fully developed† yet has a little mind and can feel agony and vibration; accordingly it is an individual. In Missouri they additionally hold fast to the conviction that life occurs at origination and unborn youngsters have protectable government assistance throughout everyday life and wellbeing. (Premature birth) The following inquiry that emerges is that whether premat ure births are ethically off-base. Numerous individuals assume since the law permits it that it must be ethically right, however I for one believe that numerous individuals essentially don’t consider the current issue. Being ethically off-base or compose returns into the conversation of the whether the hatchling is a person. Obviously if the baby is an individual it would be ethically off-base to prematurely end it since that would be considered as ending a real existence. Then again on the off chance that it isn’t viewed as an individual, at that point for what reason would it matter if the mother decides to have a premature birth? John O’Connor calls attention to â€Å"there are three sorts of individuals that believe premature birth to be worthy and good: (1) the individuals who accept that since the baby isn't yet completely created it doesn't accomplish the status of a human until birth; (2) those that accept that since the law grants it that it is ethically satisfactory and (3) the individuals who just don’t consider the subject at all.† He sees these perspectives yet at the same time thinks about the fundamental reason for fetus removal: that it kills babies within their mother’s belly. (Premature birth) Some would contend that premature births ought not be viewed as an ethical choice not to mention shameless, in light of the fact that the individual considering the methodology is settling on their choice on ho w it will later influence their lives. There are various reasons that premature births are happening whether it be on the grounds that she is an ill-equipped high school mother or a casualty or spouse or sweetheart weight. Fetus removal rights activists accept that premature birth is a decision and significant right that ladies ought to have the option to transparently consider. Master decision advocates accept that reserving the privilege to decide to have a premature birth should at last fugitive the privileges of a baby. As said before the Supreme Court expressed that it just considersâ the right of the hatchling when it is feasible, yet when precisely do you adhere to a meaningful boundary on practicality? In the event that an individual was on a kidney machine, that individual would not, at this point be feasible. Another case of feasibility would be straightforwardly during childbirth, you can get by all alone yet whenever left alone you will pass on, which eventually implies that you are not suitable. (Hostile to Abortionist†¦) So if the Supreme Court possibly considers the fetus’ rights when it is reasonable wouldn’t that imply that our privileges would not be considered unt il we were old enough to make due all alone? With such an excess of being said the inquiry despite everything stands whether premature birth is viewed as shameless or ethically right. Another inquiry, which I think the most significant, is whether premature birth is ok for the mother and the baby. Steinmetz and Planned Parenthood break down the two sides and parts of the issue. Arranged Parenthood assumes that making fetus removal legitimate has improved women’s wellbeing in a manner. They expressed that the accessibility of a fetus removal has diminished clinical difficulties that could have come about because of pregnancy. Steinmetz contends that Planned Parenthood’s figures show that numerous ladies had complexities due to prematurely ending their infants. (Nine Reasons†¦) On a positive note, with legitimization of premature birth came the exceptional diminishing in fetus removal related passings. Before fetus removal was authorized ladies needed to go to back-rear entryway butchers, illicit pregnancy-finishing medications and perilous self-premature birth strategies. Since legitimization ladies have had the advantage of cutting edge clinical information and gear. In spite of the fact that premature birth is supposed to be sheltered and the danger of death has radically diminished, there are still dangers of confusions. You additionally need to contemplate which trimester the premature birth will happen. The more extended an individual holds up the, the more confusion and more prominent the danger of death. Ordinarily, since pregnancy is a characteristic procedure inside the woman’s body and in light of the fact that the technique is meddling the body will encounter both long haul and momentary impacts. Since premature birth was legitimized fetus removal advocates has made the procedure look â€Å"risk free† as opposed to depicting the genuine perspective on the issue. (Fetus removal) notwithstanding the clinical confusions come the mental and physical complexities. Most ladies that choose to have a fetus removal have not been appropriately educated regarding all its potential dangers and confusions. The specialists don't educate the patient regarding the level of torment they may encounter nor doâ they include the way that there will be mental torment and intricacies. Serious dying, cut of the uterus and heart failure are just a couple of the potential complexities be cause of premature births. Alongside those come the opportunity of always being unable to have children again and bosom malignant growth. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute in 1994 found that ladies who had fetus removal expanded their odds of getting bosom malignant growth before the age of forty-five by 50% and adolescents younger than eighteen who had a premature birth after eighth week or pregnancy by 800 percent. (Is Abortion Safe) These are just a portion of the physical entanglements that may go with having a fetus removal. With respect to mental entanglements, Post-Abortion Syndrome is known to happen. During PAS, which is a type of Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome, frequently happens thus to having a fetus removal. Ladies enduring PAS may encounter advancement of dietary issues; despondency and musings of self destruction; and liquor and medication maltreatment to just name a couple. (Place of refuge) In my sentiment the psychological impacts could have an a lot more noteworthy impact on you than the physical ones. To wrap things up I might want to talk about the issue of a needed kid. Numerous individuals legitimize having a fetus removal by saying that they aren’t ready to deal with the kid or basically just don’t need to assume that benevolent liability. My concern with that would be that they faced the challenge of not having safe sex and knowing the outcomes. This issue represented the issue of â€Å"an undesirable child†. Reception advocates have kept on argueing that an undesirable youngster is a legitimate purpose behind premature birth, when truth be told no kid is undesirable there are simply unwanting guardians. Some basically accept that it isn't right to carry an undesirable kid into the world since they are progressively powerless maltreatment and disregard. They contend that having a fetus removal dispenses with the hazard reprisal by kids on others because of the damaging adolescence. A definitive option in contrast to premature birth would be selection. The re are numerous families that can't have children that couldn't imagine anything better than to have the kid that a mother needs to prematurely end. Members in the premature birth process experience various scree

Gender inequalities in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sex disparities in the Middle East - Essay Example On tending to the effect of destitution and microfinance on sex/power relations and women’s empowerment,this study etches itself into more extensive talks and discussions on gendered disparities in the Middle East.Introducing the setting that Saudi Arabia is an undisguised,self-obvious male centric state,this study targets examining the positive and negative ramifications on female customers. By considering the microfinance activities and inspecting the fundamental standards of Bab Rizq Jameel (BRJ), the positive and negative ramifications on female customers are dissected, especially as far as its consequences for their dynamic and haggling power in the family unit. This contextual analysis on microfinance in the realm of Saudi Arabia tries to unfurl a significant and lacking measurement to the present discussions encompassing sexual orientation and advancement in creating nations. Catchphrases: Microfinance, Saudi Arabia, Bab Rizq Jameel (BRJ), sexual orientation relations, women’s monetary/social strengthening, bartering power, dynamic and family unit. Presentation Microfinance foundations fluctuate regarding their objectives, agenda’s and suppositions. There have been constant discussions on whether microfinance can be considered as a guardian angel to neediness stricken ladies from persecution and gendered disparities or in the case of approaching smaller scale money related assets can engage ladies financially. There are considers which contend that microcredit assists with engaging ladies subsequently advancing sexual orientation uniformity and improving family prosperity while microfinance ‘does not legitimately challenge any official perspectives that oppress women’ (Aminul et al., 2011). Ladies are treated as peasants and are essentially persecuted by the laws and imperatives forced on them through man centric states, for example, Sharee’a law in the realm of Saudi Arabia. There are additionally the conventions and customs that offer ascent to disparities and gendered division of jobs that are created and strengthened from ‘relationships that are naturally gendered’ inside the family unit (Khateeb, 2011). This investigation being the vanguard of research on sexual orientation and advancement through microfinance, it felt normal that the fitting beginning ought to be from the grass root’s level, the family unit. Sex related unbending nature in the intra-family is the center foundation where the microfinance ladies customers invest a large portion of their energy. This examination essentially manages researching the effect of microfinance on sexual orientation relations in the family. Educator M. (Khateeb, 2011) in her talk about sexual orientation, family and residential area brings up that there is an unequivocal spotlight on the family on the grounds that ‘it is the site of the most punctual socialization procedures and sex character development. Furthermore, it is key to the investigation of the association of creation and propagation in various social orders. The sex division of jobs, duties and assets inside the family unit assume a significant job in forming what people can do past the family unit. Lastly a lot of strategy, both monetary and social, is introduced on presumptions about how sex relations are sorted out inside households’. This examination at last targets helping and empowering the arrangement producers of BRJ Microfinance program to make approaches that organize the effect of microfinance on sex relations in intra-family. On having a more extensive assessment of BRJ’s presumptions, reason and procedure combined with sex power relations inside family unit, arrangement creators would have the option to show up at an increasingly precise portrayal of the graving issue of joblessness and would likewise go at a progressively successful result. Points 1. How does microfinance sway sexual orientation relations in Saudi Arabia? 2. Impacts of small scale monetary assets in Saudi Arabia on ladies strengthening both in family unit and in society?1 3. How do small scale money related assets impact on the prosperity of the families in Saudi Arabia regarding endurance, security, budgetary independence and self-sufficiency on different levels (Kabeer, 1994:304)? Goals This

Pluralism vs. Elitism in Public Policy Making Essay

Pluralism versus Elitism in Public Policy Making - Essay Example The elitist perspective on power, then again expresses that â€Å"political force ought to be in the hands of a moderately little piece of everyone that shares a typical comprehension about the basic issues confronting society and government†3. The individuals who advocate the elitist perspective on power contend that the overall population is best served when an essential agreement exists among a country’s top pioneers with respect to basic issues. â€Å"Although these pioneers may differ on minor issues, or even contend with each other for places of expert in government, the way that they share a typical view on issues that may some way or another split the country is viewed as a significant establishment for governing†4. With the act of majority rule government in the United States as the chief premise of such cases by pluralists and elitists, is it safe to state that equity under the law is upheld even with political, social, and strict decent variety among m en, and the clashing interests of their agents? The Dispersal of Power among Groups Pluralism gives weight on the job of intrigue bunches in political motivation in the United States. ... They further accentuate that governmental issues isn't the focal dynamic of a unified open acting through the state, yet the aftereffect of persistent rivalry, dealing, and trade among bunches speaking to various interests. Pluralists acknowledged Schumpeter’s wide view that what separate majority rules systems from non-popular governments are the techniques by which government authorities are chosen. Majority rules system, in the United States of America, is by and large viewed as equivalent to political pluralism notwithstanding the ascent of insightful ideas that state in any case. For Weber, tip top control inside the state mechanical assembly was unavoidable. As Weber himself puts it, â€Å"all thoughts targeting nullifying strength of men over men are illusory†5. The urgent component of the state is situated inside its jobs as the major definitive related inside a given domain. For the state to keep up its focal position it needs to guarantee an imposing business model of the authentic utilization of power. Control, or as Weber named it, â€Å"the tyrant intensity of command† is an important and unavoidable component of this procedure. In any case, the grouping of both monetary and political dynamic in the hands of a focal government administration is contradictory with majority rule government. Majority rule government requires restricted government, singular opportunity, and dispersal of intensity in the public eye On September 17, 1787 the Constitution of the United States of America was endorsed and initiated the accompanying key standards: (1) standard sway, or control by the individuals, (2) a republican government wherein the individuals select delegates to settle on choices for them, (3) constrained government with composed laws, detachment of forces, with balanced governance among branches to keep any one branch from picking up a lot of intensity, and

What Is So Fascinating About How to Write a Reaction Paper?

What Is So Fascinating About How to Write a Reaction Paper? How to Find How to Write a Reaction Paper Reaction paper writing is among our demanded services. An essay is quite brief. With the assistance of such an outline, you will have the ability to view how the paper will look like and will be capable of going from 1 paragraph to another smoothly. A sample reaction paper can be defined as an illustration of a paper where the author formulates analysis and reaction to a particular material like a lecture, a reading or presentation. At certain times, you could possibly be asked to compose a response essay. By downloading a sample, you are going to learn how to write reaction paper and prevent common mistakes. It is always recommended that you learn how to compose a reaction paper to a lecture to be able to effectively increase your writing and analytical skills. Once you are through with writing the paper, it is advised that you read through it so as to make any necessary corrections. To get started with you can have a look at article about the difference between essays and reviews to find a better grasp of writing such kind of papers. Clearly, a fraud essays help service doesn't want you to have a chance to reach them after being robbed. Just keep in mind that you will be writing your own opinion. As per a specialist entry essay writing service, if you merely stick to an effortless model, it is truly feasible to generate an astonishing composition with token stress. Reaction papers are typical assignments at school and understanding how to write them will enable you to easily handle other academic papers also. Figure out just what the assignment is seeking to be able to effectively pick the ideal angle to take in writing the paper. Based on what it is asking, you can now align your points correctly. Although writing reaction paper assignments is actually simple, you will need to understand where to get started. On the flip side, you can also be requested to write a reaction paper to a lecture, dependent on specific themes. A reaction paper is broken into different pieces. It is designed to express your response to a piece of writing. In fact, it does not require your opinion. End of the act it's the all-natural termination of an activity, thus, what's nice and desirable is in addition the close of the act. In order that it is human, it must possess three essential qualities. Reaction paper writing can frequently be a good deal more challenging than meets the eye. Writing an excellent academic paper often depends upon the way you're likely to start it. Steer clear of plagiarism-Part of understanding how to compose a reaction paper to a movie that's impressive is keeping it distinctive and original. You should have great writing skills and spend lots of time checking the last paper on errors and mistakes. The Unexposed Secret of How to Write a Reaction Paper For you to deliver a great and compelling documentary review, it's important you know how to compose a reaction paper to a documentary. You should come up with an idea based on the way the documentary touched you. To earn a mark on social networking, one's content must be distinctive and fresh. You have to demonstrate your reactions to a specific article or book, the author's focus, and the way it was written. There are a number of reaction papers that you could be requested to write on, including movies and novels. The author must discuss points thoroughly after listing down the essential points. Specifically, you should name the author, her or his work, and the principal topic that was discussed.

My Personal Professional Experience At The Mba - 2262 Words

According to the company profile explained in section 1.1, and the project definition process explained in section 1.2, three personal expectations and one client expectation were clearly defined and discussed with Hilti recruiters as part of the summer internship scope. Those expectations are presented below. First and foremost, from the personal side, it was expected from the internship, to execute a project that would let me apply some of the theoretical frameworks and practices learnt at the MBA. Accordingly, the project was structured in a way that it would build from my personal professional experience in the strategy and controlling fields and would let me employ the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework studied both in Strategic Management and Management accounting. Other project Hilti needs, such as the benchmarking and customer service frameworks, could be easily developed through other marketing contents studied briefly in the MBA program. Further details on the BSC framework are included in Section 2.4. A second expectation was that the internship would allow me to find full-time job opportunities in the Manchester Hilti Finance Hub, as a consequence of a successful delivery of the project. The Hub had been growing its headcount and had multiple potential job opportunities in different finance areas, such as Controlling and Procurement, as well as in diverse roles, such as area manager or business partnering positions. Furthermore, Hilti recruiters shared at theShow MoreRelatedCareer Aspirations1515 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are your career aspirations and how will the internship module help you to achieve them? Introduction My name is Praveen Divakaran B.Tech Degree in Electrical Electronics form Saintgits College of Engineering (2009). PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Two years of work experience as a Sales Engineer for Gulf Services and Industrial Supplies Co.LLC in Water Equipment’s Division – Oman. 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Christian Foundations By Kathleen Fischer Thomas Hart

Many people would agree that without faith, the world would be in chaos. The book Christian Foundation by Kathleen Fischer and Thomas Hart gives an interpretation on faith in our time. Many people would question the definition of faith. Faith is a gift, which is given by God to have trust in him and belief in him. This book is a great entry in anyones life that has speculation on his or her own faith. The book has many ways into understanding ones own religion. It discusses the Bible, Jesus, Church, Gods existence and Images of God. All of these chapters helped me get a better interpretation of what my religion entailed. To understand God you must first get a decent understanding of the bible. The bible has been translated from the†¦show more content†¦Jesus death was an act of love that represents his final testimony to his trust in the faithful and loving God he proclaimed as his father. The beginning of church is said to have risen from the resurrection of Jesus. In fact after the Pentecost, the disciples were celebrating the blessing given to Moses at Mount Sinai in which he experienced the presence of God. After this experience, the disciples were believed to be bold, understanding and Courageous. These characteristics till this day are still celebrated on Pentecost Sunday and are used for the sacrament of Confirmation, which is receiving the responsibility of a Christian and accepting the Holy Spirit. Church has been the backbone of peoples faith. It has given them a comforting home to pray and be one with God. Today, however, more people are practicing faith outside the church. The majority of followers believe in God and life after death, however, many have lack of interest in the church. Church must be looked as a community of disciples. The book uses a suggestion from a Roman Catholic theologian Avery Dulles. He suggests, that most appropriate image of the ch urch for our times is the church as a community of disciples(pp. 157). I totally agree with his suggestion. In order for Christians to find fulfillment in ones faith, one must help others understand their faith. We need to be grounded in grace; by being a Christian community your focus on believing is responding freely to a personal call andShow MoreRelatedSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesWyatt, Sr (IM) Accounting An Asian Edition, 2nd Edition_Joyce Fung-Goh B.L., Suriya Binte Shukor, Marie Christine Que Cheong, Fadhlina Samsudin, Tan Shu Hong (SM ) Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies, 6th Edition_Thomas Weirich,Thomas C. Pearson,Alan Reinstein (SM+Cases and solutions) Accounting and Financial Analysis in the Hospitality Industry_Johnathan Hales,Hubert B. Van Hoof (IM+TB) Accounting Business Reporting for Decision Making, 4th Edition_Jacqueline Birt, Keryn ChalmersRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other

Safety Management Policies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Safety Management Policies. Answer: Introduction Safety management is a process in which the risk of damage and harm to a person is identified and necessary policies are developed to maintain a proper environment at workplace (Glendon Clarke, 2016). Moreover, safety management is the processes, procedures, structure, resources and people of an organisation required to attain the objective of the safety management policies. In the safety and risk management process, the hazards are identified using risk identification and risk assessment techniques in order to keep the employees and other stakeholders safe from the operations of the organisation (Bramson, 2009). However, it is important to note that lack of attention, casual attitude of the employees and breaches of safety policies may lead to different types of hazards at workplace. Hence, it is important for the management to identify, implement, ensure and monitor the safety policies effectively in order to maintain a safe and healthy environment at workplace. On the basis of th e above facts, the case study of Granville train crash can is Australia has been identified in order to evaluate the factors leading to safety breaches and occurrence of one of the largest disaster in the history of Australian Railway. Furthermore, the paper presents the changes in the railway safety policy implemented by the Australian Railway Ministry in order to avoid the occurrence of railway disaster in the future Incident background Granville train crash can be identified as the most unfortunate rail disaster in Australia. On January 18, 1977, a Sydney-bound train derailed in Granville suburb, New South Wales (Duncan, 2017). The Granville train disaster took place when a commuter train derailed and hit the supporting pillars of a road bridge resulting in collapsing the bridge over the train near Granville station. Due to the collision, 470 tonnes of the concrete section of the bridge collapsed over the carriages three and four of the train. According to the reports, 84 people were killed and 213 were injured in the most tragic train accident in Australia (Bell, 2017). Evidently, two of the carriages of the locomotive hit severely as the entire mass of the steel and concrete bridge rained over them. In order to rescue the injured passengers, the rescue team faced significant challenges as leaking gas had forced not to use oxy-acetylene cutting tools. The efforts of the emergency rescue crew were highly appreciated following the rescue operations. In the meanwhile, the most tragic train crash in the Australian history has provided crucial lessons to be followed so that such nasty mishaps can be avoided (Hudoklin Rozman, 2012). Reason for the accident The aftermath of the tragic accident was important because it was essential to investigate the reason behind the train crash. In February 1977, an inquiry commission was set up under the supervision of the then NSW District Court Chief Judge. According to the reports of the inquiry team, it was revealed a number of reasons were involved that were collectively contributed to the unfortunate train accident (Duncan, 2017). Shockingly, the report clarified that the Bold Street Bridge was previously hit by derailments at the same section before. In spite of such derailments, lack of proper actions led to the tragic mishap. Also, the report stated that the condition of the railway track was so unsatisfactory. Moreover, the track was badly aligned and it had stretched wider than standard gauge causing the derailment of the train. However, the subsequent inquiries had pointed out that lack of investment in the track maintenance and ageing infrastructure as the primary reason. Apart from that, the manual mistakes were pointed out as well. Precisely, high turnover of employees, as well as lack of standard track inspection process, can be identified as other contributing agents to the train crash. Other than the primary factors, some of the secondary contributing reasons can be shown that are related to the accident. According to the investigation of the inquiry team, the structure of the road bridge was a reason, to say the least (Duncan, 2017). During the construction of the bridge, the extra concrete material was added to increase the road level. Herein, the extra weight of the bridge contributed massive destruction as well. Lessons learned from the accident The incident of Granville Train Crash brought up several lessons for the Public Transport Commission. Furthermore, it made the government realised the need for safety and risk management policies and the importance of proper investigation of the railway tracks conditions after every small interval of time (Duncan, 2017). Additionally, another point that was raised after the accident is the efficiency of the disaster management team. It can be seen from the case study that the last person was taken out from the collapsed compartment after 36 hours of the accident. Hence, the faulty safety measures and poor efficiency of the post-disaster management system had been a major reason for the loss of life of 83 people in the incident. Another lesson that is important for the Public Transport Commission is the proper management of workforce. It can be seen through the case study that high turnover of the employees had been one of the major reasons for the breach of safety measures (Macfarlane Hope, 2014). Hence, the Public Transport Commission must keep in mind that the employees are trained regarding the safety measures and policies in order to avoid any sort of railway disaster in the future (McDonald, 2017). A proper management of the employees can be helpful to properly identify the safety hazards and implement the safety policies effectively. Policy changes and implementation of the policies Since the Granville train crash, the government of Australia has changed the entire set of safety guidelines for public transport (Wullems, 2011). Evidently, the defects discovered after the inquiry must have been identified and rectified. The Public Transport Commission of Australia was restructured after the tragic event so that high employee turnover cannot affect the standard inspection procedure of railway tracks (Wang Liu, 2012). The Public Transport Commission made necessary changes in the Human Resource Management strategy to reduce the employee turnover rate in the track inspection department. New employee training policies have been introduced in order to make the workers aware of the risk identification techniques and proper render their duties to make the public transport safer for the people (Robinson, 2009). Although not a single person was directly charged, substantial safety policies and guidelines were introduced since then. Under the reforms, the government of Australia found that budgetary constraints could be identified as a major factor (Silla Luoma, 2012). Therefore, recommendations were published to allocate regular funds to modify the infrastructure. Precisely, the government forced to increase rail-maintenance spending so that public transports can become safer for the commuters (Duncan, 2017). After the incident, the Australian Government increased the allocated budget for railway infrastructural development. Under the railway improvement plan, the Wran government allocated AU$ 200 million after the accident to restructure the entire infrastructure of the Railways (Duncan, 2017). The allocated funds have been used to rebuild the Bold Street Bridge and several other bridges that have been found to be in poor condition. Furthermore, the allocated fund has been used to train th e employees regarding the new safety policies and hazard identification techniques in order to improve the current safety and risk management process. In the meantime, Granville train crash was a life-long lesson for the safety and security department of Australia. The policymakers have voted for rail safety measures to be followed strictly. In case of safety breach, fines have been recommended. To improve the railway safety, The Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator (ONRSR) was established under the Rail Safety Law Act 2012 (Onrsr.com.au, 2017). It is the responsibility of the ONRSR to oversight rail safety in every Australian state. The risk-based approach of ONRSR was introduced to improve rail safety. In order to optimise the performance of the Railways, the ONRSR is dedicated to develop the system networks. By using modern safety equipment, the ONRSR is aimed to increase the commuters safety. Also, the Australian Railways has developed emergency task forces to deal with the accidents so that rescue operations can be started immediately without any delay (Li, Zheng Liter, 2017). The emergency task forces are trained wit h disaster and crisis management technique to take care of the severe incidents. Additionally, the new rescue task force is assigned with psychologist to take care of their psychological needs during the disaster management. Conclusion By considering the analysis of the Granville Train Crash case study, it can be seen that poor management of the employees and high turnover of the track inspection workers have been a major factor leading to the safety policy breaches. However, the incident provided the Public Transport Commission and the Australian Government with different lessons that have been considered in order to introduce policy changes in the safety and risk management of public transport. Furthermore, necessary policy reforms have been introduced by the Government to effectively identify the hazards and implement, ensure and monitor the safety management policies for healthy and safe journey of the people through Australian Railway Transportation System. References About ONRSR - Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator. (2017).Onrsr.com.au. 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